nLab context extension

Idea

In dependent type theory, context extension introduces new free variables into the context.

Definition

If $T$ is a type in a context $\Gamma$, then the extension of $\Gamma$ by (a free variable of) the type $T$ is the context denoted

$$\Gamma, x\colon T$$

(where $x$ is a new variable).

(We have said ‘the’ extension of $\Gamma$ by $T$ using the generalised the; but it may literally be unique using certain conventions for handling alpha equivalence.)

Categorical semantics

The categorical semantics of context extension is the inverse image of the base change geometric morphism (or its analog for hyperdoctrines) along the projection morphism $T \to \Gamma$ in the slice $\mathbf{H}_{/\Gamma}$

$$(\mathbf{H}_{/\Gamma})_{/T} \stackrel{\overset{\prod_{x : T}}{\longrightarrow}}{\stackrel{\overset{(-)\times T}{\longleftarrow}}{\underset{\sum_{x : T}}{\longrightarrow}}} \mathbf{H}_{/\Gamma}$$

Generally speaking, a morphism $\Delta \to \Gamma$ in the category of contexts (an interpretation of $\Gamma$ in $\Delta$) is a display morphism iff there is an isomorphism $\Delta \leftrightarrow \Theta$ where $\Theta$ is an extension of $\Gamma$. (This might not actually be true in all type theories, or maybe it should be taken as the definition of ‘display morphism’; I'm not sure.)

Related concepts

• substitution

Notions of pullback:

• pullback, fiber product (limit over a cospan)

• wide pullback

• lax pullback, comma object (lax limit over a cospan)

• (∞,1)-pullback, homotopy pullback, ((∞,1)-limit over a cospan)

• base change, context extension

• pullback bundle

• contravariant functor

  • pullback in cohomology, d-invariant

  • pullback of differential forms

  • pullback of a distribution

References

The observation that context extension forms an adjoint pair/adjoint triple with quantifiers is due to

• Bill Lawvere, Adjointness in Foundations, (TAC), Dialectica 23 (1969), 281-296

and further developed in

• Bill Lawvere, Equality in hyperdoctrines and

  comprehension schema as an adjoint functor_, Proceedings of the AMS Symposium on Pure Mathematics XVII (1970), 1-14.